A Journey Through Time

Nursing History

The Legacy of Care: Pioneers Who Shaped Nursing

Explore the rich history of nursing and the trailblazers who transformed the profession

Florence Nightingale portrait
Clara Barton portrait
Mary Eliza Mahoney portrait
Florence Nightingale (middle) in 1886 with Miss Mary Crossland of the Nightingale Training School, Sir Harry Verney and a group of Nightingale Nurses from St Thomas'. Pictured outside Claydon House, Buckinghamshire

Establishment of the Nightingale Training School for Nurses

Florence Nightingale revolutionized nursing by opening the first scientifically based nursing school in London. This marked the beginning of formalized nursing education.

1860
A line of nurses in scrubs, smiling and standing together

First State Registration of Nurses in the U.K.

The UK introduced the registration of nurses to ensure professionalism and establish standards of care. This paved the way for global nursing licensure systems.

1901
First African-american Nurses Land In England, 1944

Nurses’ Contributions During World War II

Nurses played a vital role during WWII, providing care in field hospitals, warships, and combat zones. Their courage helped elevate the status of the nursing profession.

1940
American Nurses Association logo

American Nurses Association (ANA) Publishes the First Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice

The ANA’s guidelines formalized the roles and responsibilities of nurses, creating a framework for professional practice and paving the way for advanced nursing roles.

1965
A collage of women in scrubs smiling and posing together for a group photo.

WHO Designates the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife

Recognizing nurses’ vital contributions globally, the WHO celebrated 2020 as the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, coinciding with Florence Nightingale’s bicentennial.

2020

A Test of Nurses’ Resilience 

Pandemics

From the Spanish Flu to COVID-19, nurses have always stood on the frontlines, adapting and overcoming challenges in times of crisis.

A nurse wears a cloth mask over her nose and mouth during the great Influenza Pandemic of 1918–1919

The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 marked a turning point for modern nursing, with nurses providing critical care under dire conditions.

During the Spanish flu, nurses like Julia Stimson coordinated large-scale responses, setting standards for crisis nursing.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1980s introduced a new era of compassion and advocacy

In the 1980s, nurses like Ruth Coker Burks became advocates for patients with HIV/AIDS, often facing stigma and discrimination.

A woman in a hospital bed reaches out to hold a man's mask to his face
A woman wearing a hospital gown and face mask, looking concerned while sitting in a medical setting.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the bravery of modern nurses, many of whom worked long hours in protective gear, innovating solutions for patient care amidst shortages

COVID-19 advanced telehealth and innovative treatments under pressure.

Want to dive deeper into the stories of nurses who shaped these moments?

Breakthroughs in History

Innovations That Transformed Nursing

Throughout history, innovation has been the driving force behind nursing’s growth that have not only saved countless lives but also redefined the role of nurses in healthcare.

Image alluding to the discovery of penicillin

Sterile Techniques: A Turning Point in Patient Safety

In the late 19th century, Joseph Lister’s introduction of antiseptic techniques marked a turning point for surgical and nursing care. Nurses were at the forefront of implementing these methods, dramatically reducing postoperative infections and establishing safety standards that are still in practice today.

ICUs: The birth of critical care nursing.

The 1950s saw the emergence of ICUs as a response to polio outbreaks and the need for specialized care for critically ill patients. Nurses became vital members of ICU teams, managing advanced monitoring equipment and providing life-saving interventions, which elevated the profession’s scope and responsibilities.

Multi-person negative-pressure ventilator at Boston Children's Hospital, 1950s.
Noninvasive ventilation with a ventilator providing only volume control without patient triggering.

Technological Breakthroughs: Ventilators and beyond

The advent of ventilators during the mid-20th century revolutionized critical care, offering automated life support and allowing nurses to deliver more precise care. These devices gained global attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the profession’s adaptability in integrating technology to improve outcomes.

These innovations not only reshaped nursing practices but also paved the way for the modern healthcare system, setting a foundation for the advancements we see today.

Nursing Advocacy

Shaping Healthcare and Empowering Change

Nurses have always been more than caregivers. They are advocates for change, fighting for healthcare reforms and championing the rights of patients and their communities. From the establishment of Medicare to mental health awareness campaigns, nurses have left an indelible mark on the healthcare system.

A black and white photo showing a protest sign with bold text, capturing the spirit of activism and social change.

Advocacy in Healthcare Reforms

The establishment of Medicare in 1965 is a testament to the power of nursing advocacy. Nurses worked alongside policymakers to create a system that ensured healthcare access for millions of elderly and low-income Americans. This movement showcased the critical role of nurses in influencing public health policy.

Championing Mental Health Support

Nurses have long been at the forefront of mental health advocacy, working to destigmatize mental health conditions and push for better resources. The work of Dorothea Dix in the 19th century, who lobbied for the humane treatment of mentally ill patients, laid the foundation for modern mental health nursing.

Old drawing of a person lies in bed with her feet up
Advocacy groups like the American Nurses Association (ANA)

Modern Advocacy Movements

Today, nurses are leading campaigns to address health equity, climate change, and workplace safety. Advocacy groups like the American Nurses Association (ANA) continue to amplify the voices of nurses in shaping the future of healthcare.

Through advocacy, nurses continue to influence policies, improve patient care, and inspire the next generation to become change agents.

“Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, it requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter’s or sculptor’s work.” – Clara Barton​​